RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Rumination about suicide has recently been identified as a risk factor for suicidal behavior. According to the metacognitive model of emotional disorders, the activation and maintenance of rumination is dependent on specific metacognitive beliefs. On this background, the current study is concerned with the development of a questionnaire to assess suicide-specific positive and negative metacognitive beliefs. METHODS: Factor structure, reliability and validity of the Scales for Suicide-related Metacognitions (SSM) were investigated in two samples comprised of participants suffering from lifetime suicide ideation. Participants of sample 1 (N = 214; 81.8% female; Mage = 24.9, SDage = 4.0) took part in a single assessment using an online survey. Participants of sample 2 (N = 56; 71.4% female; Mage = 33.2, SDage = 12.2) took part in two online assessments within a two week time-period. To establish convergent validity questionnaire-based assessments of suicidal ideation, general and suicide specific rumination and depression were used. Furthermore, it was analyzed whether suicide-related metacognitions predict suicide-specific rumination cross-sectionally and prospectively. RESULTS: Factor analyses revealed a two-factor structure of the SSM. Results indicated good psychometric properties, and provided evidence for construct validity and stability of the subscales. Positive metacognitions predicted concurrent and prospective suicide-specific rumination beyond the effect of suicide ideation and depression and rumination predicted concurrent and prospective negative metacognitions. CONCLUSION: Taken together the results provide initial evidence that the SSM is a valid and reliable measure of suicide-related metacognitions. Furthermore, findings are in line with a metacognitive conceptualization of suicidal crises and provide first indications of factors that might be relevant for the activation and maintenance of suicide-specific rumination.
Assuntos
Metacognição , Ideação Suicida , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Masculino , Metacognição/fisiologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Transtornos do HumorRESUMO
Background: In the field of mental health, religiosity and spirituality have gained particular attention in recent decades. However, only a few studies to date have investigated the effects of different types of religiosity and spirituality. In association with the recent introduction of a Swedish version of the multidimensional inventory of religious/spiritual well-being (MI-RSWB-S), the present study aimed to identify possible types of Religious/Spiritual Well-Being by using cluster analyses and to examine the extracted groups for differences in the sense of coherence (SOC), the Big Five personality factors, and central aspects of religiosity. Additionally, the study design was intended to further contribute to the validation of the MI-RSWB-S. Methods: Based on a convenience sample of Swedish students (N = 1,011), initially obtained for the development of the MI-RSWB-S, the study included the MI-RSWB-S, the 13-items sense of coherence scale, the 10-item personality inventory, and the centrality of religiosity scale. For the statistical analysis, cluster analyses and one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were conducted. Results: The cluster analyses yielded the following four groups: Religiosity and spirituality high (n = 124), religiously oriented (n = 200), spiritually oriented (n = 149), and religiosity and spirituality low (n = 538). The groups differed in most aspects of well-being, in the personality dimensions agreeableness and openness to experience, as well as in central aspects of religiosity. In contrast, no differences were found for SOC, extraversion, conscientiousness, and emotional instability. Conclusion: Our results suggest that different types of religious/spiritual well-being are associated with mental health and personality dimensions in substantially different ways, thus offering an interesting potential for future research.
RESUMO
Introducció. L'eventració diafragmàtica congènita ésuna malformació poc freqùent. L'associació amb dextrocàrdia és molt excepcional; només s'han pogut recollir dos casos descrits a la literatura mèdica i en cap cas amb cardiopatia associada. L'interès d'aquest cas rau en la raresa i en l'èxit de la plicatura per toracoscòpia.Observació clínica. Pacient de 30 mesos d'edat ambbronquiolitis de repetició lleus. En una radiografia de tòrax feta en el context d'una bronquiolitis s'objectiva l'elevació de l'hemidiafragma esquerre fins al 6è espai intercostal i el mediastí desplaçat a la dreta. Es practica la plicatura diafragmàtica esquerra per toracoscòpia amb bona evolució postquirúrgica. En la radiografia de tòrax postintervenció es confirma el descens de la cúpula diafragmàtica esquerra, però persisteix la silueta cardíaca a la dreta. Per ecocardiograma es diagnostica de dextrocàrdiasense cardiopatia associada.Comentaris. Cal considerar l'associació d'eventraciódiafragmàtica amb dextrocàrdia. Tot i que el tractamentquirúrgic més acceptat actualment és la plicatura del diafragma eventrat per via toràcica, s'ha de veure l'abordatge toracoscòpic com una alternativa que ha demostrat molt bons resultats amb disminució de la morbimortalitat, ja que millora el confort i redueix el temps postoperatori tant en adults com en la població pediàtrica
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Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Eventração Diafragmática/complicações , Dextrocardia/complicações , Toracoscopia , Eventração Diafragmática/cirurgiaRESUMO
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